NCERT Class 8 Maths Chapter 13 deals primarily with the representation of data using different graphs and diagrams. In this section, students will learn mainly about, Introduction to Graphs, A Bar graph, A Pie graph (or a circle graph), A histogram, A line graph, Linear Graphs, Location of a point, Coordinates and Some Applications.
———————–Exercise 13.1——————————-
1. The following graph shows the temperature of a patient in a hospital, recorded every hour.
(a) What was the patient’s temperature at 1 p.m.?
(b) When was the patient’s temperature 38.5° C?
(c) The patient’s temperature was the same two times during the period given. What were these two times?
(d) What was the temperature at 1.30 p.m.? How did you arrive at your answer?
(e) During which periods did the patient’s temperature show an upward trend?
Solution:
(a) The patient’s temperature was 36.5oC at 1 p.m.
(b) The patient’s temperature was 38.5oC at 12 noon.
(c) The patient’s temperature was the same at 1 p.m. and 2 p.m.
(d) The temperature at 1.30 p.m. is 36.5oC.
The point between 1 p.m. and 2 p.m., the x-axis is equidistant from the two points showing 1 p.m. and 2 p.m. So, it represents 1.30 p.m. Similarly, the point on the y-axis, between 360 C and 370 C, represents 36.50 C.
(e) The patient’s temperature showed an upward trend from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. and from 2 p.m. to 3 p.m.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Factorisation(Updated Pattern)
2. The following line graph shows the yearly sales figures for a manufacturing company.
(a) What were the sales in (i) 2002 and (ii) 2006?
(b) What were the sales in (i) 2003 and (ii) 2005?
(c) Compute the difference between the sales in 2002 and 2006.
(d) In which year was there the greatest difference between the sales as compared to the previous year?
Solution:
(a) The sales in
(i) 2002 was Rs. 4 crores and (ii) 2006 was Rs. 8 crores
(b) The sales in
(i) 2003 was Rs. 7 crores and (ii) 2005 was Rs. 10 crores.
(c) The difference of sales in 2002 and 2006 = Rs. 8 crores–Rs. 4 crores= Rs. 4 crores
(d) In the year 2005, there was the greatest difference between the sales, and compared to its previous year, which is (Rs. 10 crores –Rs. 6 crores) = Rs. 4 crores
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 13 Introduction to Graphs(Updated pattern)
3. For an experiment in Botany, two different plants, plant A and plant B, were grown under similar laboratory conditions. Their heights were measured at the end of each week for 3 weeks. The results are shown by the following graph.
(a) How high was Plant A after (i) 2 weeks and (ii) 3 weeks?
(b) How high was Plant B after (i) 2 weeks and (ii) 3 weeks?
(c) How much did Plant A grow during the 3rd week?
(d) How much did Plant B grow from the end of the 2nd week to the end of the 3rd week?
(e) During which week did Plant A grow most?
(f) During which week did Plant B grow the least?
(g) Were the two plants of the same height during any week shown here? Specify.
Solution:
(a)
(i) Plant A was 7 cm high after 2 weeks.
(ii) After 3 weeks, it was 9 cm high.
(b)
(i) Plant B was also 7 cm high after 2 weeks.
(ii) After 3 weeks, it was 10 cm high.
(c) Plant A grew=9 cm–7 cm = 2 cm during 3rd week
(d) Plant B grew from end of the 2nd week to the end of the 3rdweek = 10cm–7cm= 3cm
(e) Plant A grew the highest during the second week.
(f) Plant B grew the least during the first week.
(g) Yes. At the end of the second week, plants A and B were of the same height, which is 7 cm.
4. The following graph shows the temperature forecast and the actual temperature for each day of the week.
(a) On which days was the forecast temperature the same as the actual temperature?
(b) What was the maximum forecast temperature during the week?
(c) What was the minimum actual temperature during the week?
(d) On which day did the actual temperature differ the most from the forecast temperature?
Solution:
(a) On Tuesday, Friday and Sunday, the forecast temperature was the same as the actual temperature.
(b) The maximum forecast temperature was 35oC.
(c) The minimum actual temperature was 15oC.
(d) The actual temperature differed the most from the forecast temperature on Thursday.
5. Use the tables below to draw linear graphs
(a) The number of days a hillside city received snow in different years.
(b) Population (in thousands) of men and women in a village in different years.
Solution:
(a) Consider “Years” along the x-axis and “Days” along the y-axis. Using the given information, the linear graph will look like this:
(b) Consider “Years” along the x-axis and “No. of Men and No. of Women” along the y-axis (2 graphs). Using the given information, the linear graph will look like this:
6. A courier person cycles from a town to a neighbouring suburban area to deliver a parcel to a merchant. His distance from the town at different times is shown in the following graph.
(a) What is the scale taken for the time axis?
(b) How much time did the person take for the travel?
(c) How far is the place of the merchant from the town?
(d) Did the person stop on his way? Explain.
(e) During which period did he ride fastest?
Solution:
(a) 4 units = 1 hour
(b) The person took 3 ½ hours for the travel.
(c) It was 22 km far from the town.
(d) Yes, this has been indicated by the horizontal part of the graph. He stayed from 10 a.m. to 10.30 a.m.
(e) He rides the fastest between 8 a.m. and 9 a.m.
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7. Can there be a time-temperature graph as follows? Justify your answer.
Solution:
(i) It is a time-temperature graph. It shows the increase in temperature as time increases.
(ii) It is a time-temperature graph. It shows the decrease in temperature as time increases.
(iii) The graph figure (iii) is not possible since the temperature is increasing very rapidly, which is not possible.
(iv) It is a time-temperature graph. It is showing constant temperature.
———————–Exercise 13.2——————————-
1. Draw the graphs for the following tables of values, with suitable scales on the axes.
(a) Cost of apples.
(b) Distance travelled by car.
(i) How much distance did the car cover during the period 7.30 a.m. to 8 a.m.?
(ii) What was the time when the car had covered a distance of 100 km since its start?
(c) Interest on deposits for a year.
(i) Does the graph pass through the origin?
(ii) Use the graph to find the interest on Rs 2500 for a year.
(iii) To get an interest of Rs. 280 per year, how much money should be deposited?
Solution:
Mark “number of apples” on the x-axis and “cost” on the y-axis. The graph is
(b) Represent the “time” on the x-axis and “distance” on the y-axis.
(i) The car covered a distance of 20 km.
(ii) It was 7.30 am, when it covered a distance of 100 km.
(c) Represent “Deposit” on the y-axis and “simple interest” on the x-axis.
(i) Yes, the graph passes through the origin.
(ii) Interest on Rs. 2500 is Rs. 200 for a year.
(iii) Rs. 3500 should be deposited for the interest of Rs. 280.
2. Draw a graph for the following.
Solution:
(i) Yes, it is a linear graph.
(ii) No, it is not a linear graph because the graph does not provide a straight line.
